Welding rod



. No lprawing.

Patented Aug. 21,1928.

UNITED STATES .PLINY P. PIPES, OF MANSFIELD, OHIO, ASSIGNOR MANSFIELD, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

WELDING ROD.

This invention relates to theart of welding and particularly to the method and means of uniting copper to. steel,'as in the application of rail bonds to steel rails.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a method of uniting rail bonds to steel rails inwhich the rail bond is composed ot a copper conductor and may be provided with a ferrous terminal and the terminal and conductor so positioned and related to each other that the same ma be applied to a rail by means of added wel ing metal, which can be fused to the conductor, the terminal and the steel rail, thereby uniting each to the other through the medium of welding metal.

Bonds of the class described and a method of applying are shown and described in detail vide a weldin .from impiirities,

in United States Letters Patent 1,029,742, dated December 26, 1916, and 1,297,381, dated March 18, 1919.

Another object of my invention is to prometal in the form of a filling rod or electro e, which can be used in uniting the bond to the rail, and in which the re sulting weld or union between the welding metal and the parts to which it is applied will be a substantially molecular formation, free and in which the deposited metal wi be of fine grain or structure and of high shearing strength.

experimenting with the application of rail bondsto rails bywelding, and especially where the welding metal is that pure commercial copper does not produce good results, in that it does not seem to work or flow as well as desired under the action of the electri are or the oxy-acetylene flame,- which are usually used in applying bonds to rails. At the same'time, the union between the deposited copper and the steel of the rail or with the bond terminal, or with the copper conductor of the bond is not all to be desired to give the highest etficiency electrically and mechanicall ,and I also find that the de' osited metal itself is more or less rous, o a spongy nature and of considerably reduced mechanical strength. v These faults seem to be due largely to the formation of oxides. and gases uring the welding operation, and these gases and oxides retained in the deposited metal upon cooling. To overcome these difliculties, I-find that it is possible toproduce a filling rod or' elec trode which.; iwill practically eliminate the which can be used for of copper, I findphosphorus 'with copper, would be suitable for welding Application filed March 18, 1927. Serial No. 176,583.

difliculties mentioned, and which can be ap plied by either the electric arc or-the oxyacetylene flame in the welding operation.

Copper rods for this purpose has been produced in the past which contain manganese, magnesium, silicon, boron and other similar materials, but apparently very little consideration has been given to such a rod containing phosphorus in combination with other materials and in the right proportions, whereby the rod will give the desired results and welding, with equally good results by electric arc and oxy-acetylene.

Tests which I have carried on indicate that phosphorus uniformly incorporated in a rod is a very good and powerful deoxidizer, and permits of a deposited metal, which is homogeneous and fine grained, and in which the union with the steel, iron or other metal to which it is applied gives a molecular union of a very homogeneous character, free from interposed scale or slag, and I find for such purpose that a phosphorus content of from 0.10% to 0.30% is suificient for thedeoxidization and degasifying of the deposited metal, but with such rod, I find that the fused metal is of a very fluid character and quite hard to control and is diificult to build up.

Through tests and experiments I find that with a copper phosphorus rod, as described above, the addition thereto of tin between proper limits will not only correct the fluid condition, that is, reduce the same, but will very materially add to the metchanical strength of the deposited metal, and I find that tin added to the amount of 0.50% to 1.00% will give the results I desire.

I also find that with the higher percentage of tin given in the above limits a lower percentage of phosphorus is suflicient and vice versa, in so far as the same affects the deoxidization and the degasifying of the deposited metal, but that withthe higher percentage of tin present, the deposited metal is of a higher mechanical strength.

For practical use, I find that a rod of pure commercial copper, containing 0.75% tin and 0.15% phosphorus, will give, excellent results, both under action of the electric arc and the oxy-acetylene flames.-

There are proportions, I have found, of and tin, which, when combined TO THE OHIO BRASS COMPANY, OF

such heating flames as the I i under the oxy-acetylene flame,

electric are or which could be used under the action of the other proportions but not under flame and the electric arc, but not under the action of 5 the oxy-acetylene flame.

The rod or electrode produced as above, in which the tin and phosphorus are uniformly incorporated and 11111011 and a deposit distributed will give a of metal which is sub- \s)tantially freefrom blow holes, and in which stroyed. The deoxidizing ccluded gases are substantially eliminated, and in which the oxides are substantially deelements are of such proportion that the are materially re- 1 duced in the finished we d,

and especially is this true of the phosphorus, which is substantially eliminated.

The amount of phosphorus, however, must be sufiicient to perform its deoxidizing function, but, in itself, adds nothing to the strength of the metal as does the tin.

Having described my invention, I claim: 1. A copper welding rod containing phoshorus between the limits of about 0.10%

and 0.20% and tin between the limits of about 2 

